LINKS: Main Page Y-DNA Tree Trunk SNP Index Papers/Presentations Cited Glossary Listing Criteria |
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2009 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private |
R M207/UTY2, P224,
P227, P229, P232, P280, P285, S4, S8, S9, V45
�
R* -
�
R1 M173/P241, M306/S1,P225, P231, P233,
P234, P236, P238, P242, P245, P286, P294
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R1* -
� �
R1a L62/M513,
L63/M511, L145/M449, L146/M420
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�
R1a* -
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R1a1 L120/M516, L122/M448, M459,
SRY1532.2/SRY10831.2
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R1a1* -
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� �
R1a1a M17, M198, M512, M514,
M515
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R1a1a* -
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�
R1a1a1 M417, Page07 (see Notes)
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R1a1a1* -
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R1a1a1a M56
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R1a1a1b M157
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R1a1a1c M64.2, M87,
M204
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R1a1a1d P98
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R1a1a1e PK5
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R1a1a1f M434
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R1a1a1g M458
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R1a1a1g* -
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� �
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R1a1a1g1 M334
(position relative to L260 uncertain)
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R1a1a1g2 L260
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R1b M343
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R1b* -
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R1b1 L278, M415, P25
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R1b1* -
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R1b1a V88
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� R1b1a* -
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� � �
R1b1a1 M18
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R1b1a2 V8
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� � �
R1b1a3 V35
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� �
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R1b1a3* -
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R1b1a3a V7
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� � �
R1b1a4 V69
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R1b1b P297
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R1b1b* -
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R1b1b1 M73, M478
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R1b1b2 L265, M269, M520, S3, S10, S13, S17
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R1b1b2* -
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R1b1b2a L23/S141, L49, L150
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R1b1b2a* -
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R1b1b2a1 L51/M412/S167
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R1b1b2a1* -
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R1b1b2a1a L11/S127, L52, L151,
P310/S129, P311/S128
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� �
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R1b1b2a1a* -
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R1b1b2a1a1 M405/S21/U106
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R1b1b2a1a1* -
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� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a1a M467/S29/U198
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R1b1b2a1a1b P107
(position relative to L48 uncertain)
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� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a1c DYS439(null)/L1/S26
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R1b1b2a1a1d L48/S162
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R1b1b2a1a1d* -
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�
R1b1b2a1a1d1 L47
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R1b1b2a1a1d1* -
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R1b1b2a1a1d1a L44
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R1b1b2a1a1d1a* -
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� �
� �
� �
� �
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�
R1b1b2a1a1d1a1 L45, L46, L164
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� �
� �
� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a1d2 L148
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� �
� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a1e L257/S186
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� �
� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a2 P312/S116
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� �
� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a2* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a2a M65
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� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a2b M153
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� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a2c M167/SRY2627
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� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a2d S28/U152
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� �
� �
� �
� � �
R1b1b2a1a2d* -
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
R1b1b2a1a2d1 M126
(position relative to L2/S139 uncertain)
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� �
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R1b1b2a1a2d2 M160
(position relative to L2/S139 uncertain)
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R1b1b2a1a2d3 L2/S139
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R1b1b2a1a2d3* -
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R1b1b2a1a2d3a L20/S144
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R1b1b2a1a2d4 L4/S178
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R1b1b2a1a2e L165/S68
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� �
� �
� �
� �
R1b1b2a1a2f L21/M529/S145
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� �
� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a2f* -
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� �
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R1b1b2a1a2f1 M37
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R1b1b2a1a2f2 M222/USP9Y+3636
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� �
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R1b1b2a1a2f3 P66
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� �
� �
� �
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R1b1b2a1a2f4 L226/S168
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� �
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R1b1b2a1a2f5 L193/S176
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R1b1b2a1a2f6 L144/S175
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R1b1c M335
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R2 M479
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R2* -
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R2a L266, M124, P249, P267
Private SNPs
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup R (M207) is believed to have arisen approximately 27,000 years ago in Asia. The two currently defined subclades are R1 and R2.
References:
Adams et al,
The Case of the Unreliable SNP: Recurrent Back-mutation of Y-chromosomal Marker P25 Through
Gene Conversion. (abstract) Forensic Science International 159:14-20, 2006.
Alonso et al,
The Place of the Basques in the European
Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of
Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Behar et al,
Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Human Genetics 114:354-365, 2004.
Balaresque et al,
A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages.
PLoS biology. 8(1):e1000285 2010.
Capelli et al,
Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf)
Annals of Human Genetics, 2005.
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics, 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported
by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al,
Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup R-V88: A Paternal Genetic Record of Early Mid Holocene
Trans-Saharan Connections and the Spread of Chadic Languages. (abstract) (Epub ahead of print)
European Journal of Human Genetics, January 6, 2010a.
Cruciani et al,
Strong Intra- and Inter-continental Differentiation Revealed by Y chromosome SNPs M269, U106 and U152.
Forensic Science International. Genetics,7-10, 2010b.
Deng et al,
Evolution
and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence.
(pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Flores et al,
Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome
Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics,
12:855-863, 2004.
Hinds et al,
Whole-genome Patterns of Common DNA Variation in Three Human Populations.
Science, 307:1072-1079, 2005.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
Karafet et al,
Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns,
and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics,
69:615-628, 2001.
Karlsson et al,
Y-chromosome Diversity in Sweden - A Long-time Perspective. (pdf)
European Journal of Human Genetics, 14:963-970, 2006.
Kayser et al.
Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New
Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Kivisild et al,
The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste
Populations. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:313-332, 2003.
McEvoy et al,
Y-chromosomes and the Extent of Patrilineal Ancestry in Irish Surnames (abstract)
Human Genetics 2006 Jan 12;:1-8 (Epub ahead of print).
Mohyuddin et al,
Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan.
Journal of Human Genetics, 2006.
Moore et al,
A Y-chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland. American Journal of Human Genetics, 78(2):334-338, 2006.
.
Myres et al,
A Major Y-chromosome Haplogroup R1b Holocene Era Founder Effect in Central and Western Europe.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG. (July):1-7, 2010.
Myres et al, (2007),
Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-concensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary
Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405. Croatian Medical Journal, 48, 2007.
Nasidze et al,
MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics,
69:401-412, 2005.
Regueiro et al,
Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)
Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Repping et al,
High Mutation Rates Have Driven Extensive Structural Polymorphism among Human Y Chromosomes. (pdf)
National Genetics, 38: 463-467, 2006.
Rozen et al,
Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective
Purifying Selection. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009 December 11; 85(6): 923-928.
Semino et al,
The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo Sapiens Sapiens in Extant Europeans. (pdf)
Science, V290:1155-1159, 2000.
Semino et al,
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Sengupta et al,
Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence
of Central Asian Pastoralists. (available by subscription)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al,
Reconstruction
of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome
and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Su et al,
Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia
during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Underhill et al,
Separating the Post-Glacial Coancestry of European and Asian Y Chromosomes within Haplogroup R1a.
(abstract) European Journal of Human Genetics, 1-6, 2009.
Valone et al,
Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific
Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.
Wells et al,
The Eurasian Heartland: A Continental Perspective on Y-chromosome Diversity.
PNAS, Vol. 98; 18:10244-10249, 2001.
Additional Resources:
--, R1a International Y-DNA Project
Dan Draghici, YDNA
Haplogroup R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group
David Faux, U152+/S28+ Data
Charles Kerchner, R1b and Subclades
YDNA Haplogroup Project
John McEwan, Dal Riadic Migration
Y Chromosome DNA Genealogy Page
Cyndi Rutledge, R1a and Subclades
YDNA Haplogroup Project
Sean Silver, The Jewish R1b Project
Richard Stevens, R-P312 and Subclades Project.
David Wilson,
R-M222 Haplogroup Project (Niall of the 9 Hostages, Ui Neill Clan)
Dennis Wright, The Irish Type III Website (L226) (Dalcassian Clans)
Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2010:
Contact person for Haplogroup R: Vincent Vizachero.
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